package eu.tankernn.gameEngine.animation.animatedModel;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.lwjgl.util.vector.Matrix4f;

import eu.tankernn.gameEngine.animation.animation.Animator;
import eu.tankernn.gameEngine.loader.colladaLoader.JointData;

/**
 * 
 * Represents a joint in a "skeleton". It contains the index of the joint which
 * determines where in the vertex shader uniform array the joint matrix for this
 * joint is loaded up to. It also contains the name of the bone, and a list of
 * all the child joints.
 * 
 * The "animatedTransform" matrix is the joint transform that I keep referring
 * to in the tutorial. This is the transform that gets loaded up to the vertex
 * shader and is used to transform vertices. It is a model-space transform that
 * transforms the joint from it's bind (original position, no animation applied)
 * position to it's current position in the current pose. Changing this
 * transform changes the position/rotation of the joint in the animated entity.
 * 
 * The two other matrices are transforms that are required to calculate the
 * "animatedTransform" in the {@link Animator} class. It also has the local bind
 * transform which is the original (no pose/animation applied) transform of the
 * joint relative to the parent joint (in bone-space).
 * 
 * The "localBindTransform" is the original (bind) transform of the joint
 * relative to its parent (in bone-space). The inverseBindTransform is that bind
 * transform in model-space, but inversed.
 * 
 * @author Karl
 *
 */
public class Joint {

	public final int index;// ID
	public final String name;
	public final List<Joint> children = new ArrayList<Joint>();

	private Matrix4f animatedTransform = new Matrix4f();
	
	private final Matrix4f localBindTransform;
	private Matrix4f inverseBindTransform = new Matrix4f();

	/**
	 * @param index
	 *            - the joint's index (ID).
	 * @param name
	 *            - the name of the joint. This is how the joint is named in the
	 *            collada file, and so is used to identify which joint a joint
	 *            transform in an animation keyframe refers to.
	 * @param bindLocalTransform
	 *            - the bone-space transform of the joint in the bind position.
	 */
	public Joint(int index, String name, Matrix4f bindLocalTransform) {
		this.index = index;
		this.name = name;
		this.localBindTransform = bindLocalTransform;
	}
	
	public Joint(Joint joint) {
		this(joint.index, joint.name, joint.localBindTransform);
		for (Joint j : joint.children)
			this.children.add(new Joint(j));
	}
	
	/**
	 * Constructs the joint-hierarchy skeleton from the data extracted from the
	 * collada file.
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 *            - the joints data from the collada file for the head joint.
	 * @return The created joint, with all its descendants added.
	 */
	public Joint(JointData data) {
		this(data.index, data.nameId, data.bindLocalTransform);
		for (JointData child : data.children)
			this.addChild(new Joint(child));
	}

	/**
	 * Adds a child joint to this joint. Used during the creation of the joint
	 * hierarchy. Joints can have multiple children, which is why they are
	 * stored in a list (e.g. a "hand" joint may have multiple "finger" children
	 * joints).
	 * 
	 * @param child
	 *            - the new child joint of this joint.
	 */
	public void addChild(Joint child) {
		this.children.add(child);
	}

	/**
	 * The animated transform is the transform that gets loaded up to the shader
	 * and is used to deform the vertices of the "skin". It represents the
	 * transformation from the joint's bind position (original position in
	 * model-space) to the joint's desired animation pose (also in model-space).
	 * This matrix is calculated by taking the desired model-space transform of
	 * the joint and multiplying it by the inverse of the starting model-space
	 * transform of the joint.
	 * 
	 * @return The transformation matrix of the joint which is used to deform
	 *         associated vertices of the skin in the shaders.
	 */
	public Matrix4f getAnimatedTransform() {
		return animatedTransform;
	}

	/**
	 * This method allows those all important "joint transforms" (as I referred
	 * to them in the tutorial) to be set by the animator. This is used to put
	 * the joints of the animated model in a certain pose.
	 * 
	 * @param animationTransform - the new joint transform.
	 */
	public void setAnimationTransform(Matrix4f animationTransform) {
		this.animatedTransform = animationTransform;
	}

	/**
	 * This returns the inverted model-space bind transform. The bind transform
	 * is the original model-space transform of the joint (when no animation is
	 * applied). This returns the inverse of that, which is used to calculate
	 * the animated transform matrix which gets used to transform vertices in
	 * the shader.
	 * 
	 * @return The inverse of the joint's bind transform (in model-space).
	 */
	public Matrix4f getInverseBindTransform() {
		return inverseBindTransform;
	}

	/**
	 * This is called during set-up, after the joints hierarchy has been
	 * created. This calculates the model-space bind transform of this joint
	 * like so: </br>
	 * </br>
	 * {@code bindTransform = parentBindTransform * localBindTransform}</br>
	 * </br>
	 * where "bindTransform" is the model-space bind transform of this joint,
	 * "parentBindTransform" is the model-space bind transform of the parent
	 * joint, and "localBindTransform" is the bone-space bind transform of this
	 * joint. It then calculates and stores the inverse of this model-space bind
	 * transform, for use when calculating the final animation transform each
	 * frame. It then recursively calls the method for all of the children
	 * joints, so that they too calculate and store their inverse bind-pose
	 * transform.
	 * 
	 * @param parentBindTransform
	 *            - the model-space bind transform of the parent joint.
	 */
	protected void calcInverseBindTransform(Matrix4f parentBindTransform) {
		Matrix4f bindTransform = Matrix4f.mul(parentBindTransform, localBindTransform, null);
		Matrix4f.invert(bindTransform, inverseBindTransform);
		for (Joint child : children) {
			child.calcInverseBindTransform(bindTransform);
		}
	}

}